
It is always a good idea to have a well-stocked toolbox and box of tricks and not just a single hammer ...
Artikel in Circuit Cellar, October 2022:
Extending Machine Instructions
How to turn a processor temporarily into a microprogrammed control unit
Article in Circuit Cellar, February 2022:
Microprogramming choices explained (Part 2) - Microprogrammable Machines
Article in Circuit Cellar, January 2022:
Microprogramming choices explained (Part 1) - The Microprogram Control Unit
Article in Circuit Cellar, October 2021:
Voltage-level translation in MCU projects
Read it on the Internet
Article in Circuit Cellar,
December 2020:
True Random Number Generation Using Comparators
Read it on the Internet
Article in Circuit Cellar,
May 2020:
Creative Mechanical Ideas for Embedded Systems
Read it on the Internet
Article in Circuit Cellar, September 2019:
Using Small PCs in New Ways
Read it on the Internet
Article in Circuit Cellar, July 2019:
Macros for AVR Assembler Programming
Read it on the Internet
Article in Circuit Cellar, July 2018:
Wire Wrapping Revisited
Article in Circuit Cellar, October 2017:
Emulating Legacy Interfaces
Article in Circuit Cellar, December 2016:
Resource Algebra and the Future of FPGA Technology
Article in Circuit Cellar, July 2016:
Microcontroller modules for the ambitious
Microcontroller Modules (in German)

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There are nine and sixty ways of constructing tribal lays,
And every single one of them is right!
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Rudyard Kipling
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Keinen Reimer wird man finden,
Der sich nicht den besten hielte,
Keinen Fiedler, der nicht lieber
Eigne Melodien spielte.
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Johann Wolfgang Goethe
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This domain is centered around the basic idea to regard a computer simply as an ensemble of resources.
Additionally, some more down-to-the-earth projects will be presented here, too.
Contributions on this website will be in English and in German.
What constitutes a computer architecture?
Essentially, this is an algebraic structure. The basic building blocks are called resources. Hence the name ReAl = Resource Algebra.
What is a resource?
Principally a building block or functional unit, for example, an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), an address counter, or an addressable memory array. Basic resources comprise input registers, combinational circuitry, and output registers. They will be characterized by their register transfer level (RTL) structure. In the most general sense, a resource is a fictitious or real functional unit, defined by its functions (operations), inputs, and outputs.
Architectures or machines based on the resources paradigm come in two flavors:
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July 17, 2023
Extending Machine Instructions
Microprogramming choices (2)
Microprogramming choices (1)
Voltage-level translation in MCU projects
Read it on the Internet
Microprogramming (in German)

Microprogramming /
Mikroprogrammierung
Microprogramming (introduction)
Microprogramming by extending instructions of conventional processors
Vortrag auf dem FPGA-Kongreß 2019
True Random Number Generation Using Comparators
Read it on the Internet
Creative Mechanical Ideas for Embedded Systems
Read it on the Internet
Using Small PCs in New Ways
Read it on the Internet
Macros for AVR Assembler Programming
Read it on the Internet
Zellen, Kerne und Ressourcen. Ein Überblick
(2018):
Vortrag auf dem FPGA-Kongreß 2018
Article in Circuit Cellar, December 2016:
Resource Algebra and the Future of FPGA Technology
Minimal Machines (in German)

For viewlng and downloading (PDFs):
Introduction (25 Pages)
IDAACS
2007 Presentation (PDF)
Two Research Reports
Resources instead
of Cores? – Article in ACM Sigarch
Computer Architecture
News, Volume 38, Number 2, May 2010,
pages 49 – 63.
Excerpt:
Section 4 – A
metrics of efficiency (PDF)
A detailed preliminary description (PDFs):
1. Introduction
2. The ReAl Computational Model
3. Platform Architecture
4. ReAl Machines
5. ReAl Systems on Silicon
6. Resource Management
7. Byte Codes
8. Machine Codes
In German:
An
overview (Ueberblick)
A
preliminary description (Vorlaeufige Kurzbeschreibung) (120 Pages)
Ältere Texte:
Hardware Resources: A Generalizing View on Computer Architectures (1990).
How many operation units are adequate? (1991)
A Next Generation Superscalar Architecture (1990).
Patent Applications:
- DE 10 2005 021 749.4 "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur programmgesteuerten
Informationsverarbeitung",
- US 11/430,824 "Method for Information Processing".
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